{"id":2896,"date":"2026-10-13T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/?p=2896"},"modified":"2026-10-08T20:14:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:14:36","slug":"8-classic-pcb-problems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/blog\/8-classic-pcb-problems\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the 8 classic challenges in the PCB industry? What are CAD\/CAM, MI, and Paradigm?"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.jp-tw{overflow-x:auto;margin:26px 0;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}\n.jp-tw table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:560px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;background:#fff;}\n.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{border:1px solid #dde3ea;padding:11px 14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;}\n.jp-tw thead th{background:#eef2f7;color:#1b2733;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:2px solid #c9d3de;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#fafbfc;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:hover{background:#f1f5fa;}\n.jp-tw tbody td:first-child{font-weight:600;color:#1b2733;}\n@media(max-width:767px){.jp-tw table{font-size:14px;min-width:520px;}.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{padding:9px 11px;}}\n<\/style>\n<p>The PCB industry\u2014short for printed circuit board\u2014may be a relatively unfamiliar field to many people. It involves numerous technical terms and concepts that perhaps only industry experts can fully understand. In this article, we\u2019ll answer eight classic questions about the PCB industry to help you better understand this field.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"440\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-122\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/jingpeng-pcb-manufacture.jpg\" alt=\"PCB Manufacturers\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/jingpeng-pcb-manufacture.jpg 540w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/jingpeng-pcb-manufacture-300x244.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>1. What is a PCB?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>PCB<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Printed Circuit Board<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Printed Circuit Board<\/strong>. It is a board on which interconnections and printed components are formed on a common substrate according to a predetermined design. PCBs can be classified into rigid printed circuit boards, flexible printed circuit boards, and rigid-flex printed circuit boards based on the type of substrate. They can also be classified into single-sided, double-sided, and multilayer printed circuit boards based on the number of layers containing the conductor patterns.<\/p>\n<p>When combined, these two classification dimensions form the complete PCB product matrix:<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>By Substrate<\/th>\n<th>By Number of Floors<\/th>\n<th>Featured Products<\/th>\n<th>Mainstream Applications<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Rigid Printed Circuit Board (Rigid PCB)<\/td>\n<td>Single-sided board<\/td>\n<td>Single-sided paper-based, CEM-1, FR-4 single-sided<\/td>\n<td>Home Appliance Control Boards, LED Light Boards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rigid Printed Circuit Board<\/td>\n<td>Double-sided board<\/td>\n<td>FR-4 Double-Sided, Metal-Clad Board<\/td>\n<td>Power Supply Boards, Industrial Control, Lighting<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rigid Printed Circuit Board<\/td>\n<td>Multilayer Board<\/td>\n<td>4\u201320-layer FR-4, HDI, and IC carrier boards<\/td>\n<td>Servers, communications equipment, cell phone motherboards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC)<\/td>\n<td>Single\/Double\/Multi-layer<\/td>\n<td>PI Substrate FPC<\/td>\n<td>Foldable screens, camera modules, wearable devices<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rigid-Flex Printed Circuit Boards<\/td>\n<td>Floors 4\u201312 (including the rigid zone)<\/td>\n<td>Rigid-Flex Board<\/td>\n<td>In-Vehicle Modules, Aerospace, Healthcare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>There's also another button to press<strong>Special Features<\/strong>This classification determines both the quotation and the manufacturing process: high-frequency boards, thick-copper boards, metal-core boards (aluminum-core\/copper-core), ceramic boards, HDI (High-Density Interconnect), IC carrier boards, and boards with embedded components. Within this classification, each category has entirely different manufacturing processes and unit prices. For the specific process windows of each category, see<a href=\"\/en\/capabilities\/\">PCB Manufacturing Capabilities<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>2. What does PE stand for?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>PE<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Product Engineering Department<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Product Engineering Department<\/strong>. The department's primary functions include pre-production data processing, tooling, and sample tracking. It consists of three functional teams: MI (Manufacturing Institute), CAD\/CAM, and Sample.<\/p>\n<p>PE is the most critical department in a PCB factory. When customers send Gerber files and drawings, the first stop is PE: they determine whether the design is feasible, how to implement it, and where the risks lie, and then generate the manufacturing instructions (MI) to be handed over to the production line.<strong>Eighty percent of a panel factory\u2019s engineering capabilities are reflected in the PE team.<\/strong>\u2014With the same equipment, a factory with strong PE capabilities can achieve a yield rate of 98%, while a factory with weaker capabilities may only reach 90%.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a closer look at the three functions of PE:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Data Processing<\/strong>: Gerber analysis, stackup design, impedance calculation, panelization, and design of process margins and registration holes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tool Making<\/strong>: Molds, drill strips, routing strips, test fixtures, stencils, carriers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sample Follow-Up<\/strong>: First-article approval, issue reporting, and parameter finalization\u2014converting the findings from pilot production into mass production standards.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. What is CAD\/CAM?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>CAD\/CAM<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Computer-Aided Design\/Computer-Aided Manufacturing<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Computer-Aided Design\/Computer-Aided Manufacturing<\/strong>. It is a technology that uses computers to assist in product design and manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p>In the context of PCB design, the division of labor between CAD and CAM is very clear:<strong>CAD is used for design<\/strong>(Generate schematics and layouts using EDA tools such as Altium Designer, Allegro, KiCad, PADS, etc.),<strong>CAM is the manufacturing end<\/strong>(Engineering software such as Genesis, InCAM, and UCAM is used at PCB manufacturers to convert customer data into production-ready tool files.)<\/p>\n<p>What a CAM engineer needs to do after receiving Gerber files is far more complex than simply \u201dopening them to take a look\u201d:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Data Completeness Check<\/strong>: Check whether all layers are present and whether the layer definitions match the design.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DFM Analysis<\/strong>: Do the line width and spacing, hole diameter and spacing, solder mask bridges, and annular ring width meet process capability requirements?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compensation and Correction<\/strong>: Compensate for line width based on the etching factor, compensate for layer misalignment based on lamination data, and compensate for drill hole diameter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Page Layout and Typesetting<\/strong>: Panel layout, process margins, optical alignment marks, test points, V-cuts, and stamp holes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Output Tool Files<\/strong>: Photomounting files, drill tapes, routing tapes, AOI programs, and electrical testing programs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>When submitting CAD designs to a PCB manufacturer, the following information must be included along with the Gerber files; otherwise, the CAM system will have to guess:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Definition of Levels and Hierarchy<\/strong>: Which layer is the top layer, bottom layer, or inner layer, and what is the order?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Finished Plate Thickness and Tolerances<\/strong>: Any specific requirements (card insertion, crimping, housing) must be clearly stated.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impedance Requirements<\/strong>: Target values, tolerances, reference layers, and differential pairs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surface Treatment and Solder Mask\/Character Color<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acceptance Criteria<\/strong>: Is it IPC-6012 Class 2 or Class 3? Are there any special inspection items?<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPC-356 Network Diagram<\/strong>: Used for electrical calibration; without it, open-circuit and short-circuit verification cannot be performed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1124\" height=\"633\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8921\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/three-special-wiring-methods-in-pcb-design.jpg\" alt=\"3 Types of Special Traces in PCB Design\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/three-special-wiring-methods-in-pcb-design.jpg 1124w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/three-special-wiring-methods-in-pcb-design-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/three-special-wiring-methods-in-pcb-design-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/three-special-wiring-methods-in-pcb-design-768x433.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1124px) 100vw, 1124px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>For a complete CAM workflow, please refer to<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production\/\">The 9 Basic Steps of CAM Production<\/a>. Every adjustment made during the CAM process ultimately affects the yield of the finished product, which is why most rework during the prototyping phase occurs at this stage.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1179\" height=\"663\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8924\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production.jpg\" alt=\"The 9 Basic Steps of CAM Production\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production.jpg 1179w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/the-9-basic-steps-of-cam-production-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1179px) 100vw, 1179px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>4. What is MI?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>MI<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Manufacturing Institute (or Instruction)<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Pre-Production Preparation and Process Instructions<\/strong>. This serves as an important guide for preparing and planning the production process prior to manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p>A complete MI typically consists of more than a dozen items and serves as the sole basis for operations on the production line:<strong>Board Model and Thickness, Copper Thickness, Stack-Up and Layer Sequence, Finished Board Thickness and Tolerances, Impedance Requirements, Minimum Line Width and Spacing, Via Diameter and Tolerances, Surface Finish, Solder Mask and Marking Colors, Outline and Forming Method, Acceptance Criteria (IPC Grade), Special Process Requirements, Packaging Method<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>The three issues in MI that are most likely to cause problems and are the most common sources of disputes between buyers and sellers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Acceptance Criteria<\/strong>: Whether to specify \u201dIPC-6012 Class 2\u201d or \u201cClass 3\u201d has a significant impact on cost and the criteria for determination; this must be clearly stated in the MI.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impedance Requirements<\/strong>: Target value, tolerance, test strip position, and reference layer\u2014if any one of these is missing, verification is not possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sheet Thickness Tolerance<\/strong>: Default \u00b110%; if there are fit requirements (such as card insertion or crimping), stricter tolerances must be specified.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. What is a paradigm?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Paradigm<\/strong> It is an **ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)** system developed by Cimnet Systems Inc. of the United States, primarily used in the PCB and related industries. At the core of ERP is the enterprise resource management system, which integrates resources across enterprise management, business processes, master data, human and material resources, and computer hardware and software.<\/p>\n<p>The PCB industry needs specialized industry ERP because general-purpose ERP systems cannot handle two key aspects:<strong>Dynamic Conversion for Page Layout<\/strong>(How many sets fit on a large sheet of material, how many pieces are in each set, and how to allocate the scrap rate) and<strong>Process-Level Cost Allocation<\/strong>(A single panel goes through 30\u201350 production steps, and the labor hours and materials for each step must be traceable.)<\/p>\n<p>Modern panel factories typically consist of a three-layer system stacked on top of each other:<strong>ERP<\/strong> Manage orders and finances,<strong>MES<\/strong> Manage workflow and data collection,<strong>APS<\/strong> Manages production scheduling. Paradigm is part of the first layer. Only after all three layers are integrated can customers track \u201dwhich production stage this batch of boards is currently in and which batch of substrates was used\u201d\u2014this system is what enables the batch traceability required by automotive and medical customers.<\/p>\n<h2>6. What is APQP?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>APQP<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Procedure for Advanced Product Quality Planning and Control<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Procedures for Pre-Production Product Planning and Control<\/strong>. It is a process and method used to plan and control product quality.<\/p>\n<h2>7. What is PPAP?<\/h2>\n<p><strong>PPAP<\/strong> \u5373<strong>Production Part Approval Process Procedure<\/strong>, which translates to Chinese as<strong>Product Approval Process<\/strong>. It is primarily used in automotive products to ensure that manufactured parts meet quality standards.<\/p>\n<p>APQP and PPAP are two interconnected processes:<strong>APQP is a process<\/strong>(The process from project initiation to mass production consists of five stages, with quality planning carried out early on),<strong>PPAP is a deliverable<\/strong>(A set of documentation submitted prior to mass production to demonstrate that \u201dI can consistently produce conforming parts.\u201d) PPAP is classified into five levels based on the strictness of the requirements:<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Level<\/th>\n<th>Submit Content<\/th>\n<th>Applicable Scenarios<\/th>\n<th>Typical Document Volume<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Level 1<\/td>\n<td>Statement of Guarantee (PSW)<\/td>\n<td>Low risk; long-standing supplier relationship<\/td>\n<td>1\u20132 servings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Level 2<\/td>\n<td>PSW + Sample + Some Supporting Data<\/td>\n<td>Regular Suppliers<\/td>\n<td>5\u201310 servings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Level 3<\/td>\n<td>PSW + Sample + Complete Supporting Data<\/td>\n<td>Default Grades for Automotive Parts<\/td>\n<td>15\u201320 servings<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Level 4<\/td>\n<td>Level 3 + Special Requirements (as specified by the customer)<\/td>\n<td>Safety Components, Critical Components<\/td>\n<td>20+ copies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Level 5<\/td>\n<td>Level 3 + On-site Evaluation<\/td>\n<td>New Suppliers, Significant Changes<\/td>\n<td>\u73b0\u573a\u5ba1\u6838<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>PPAP Level 3 \u91cc\u4e0e PCB \u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u68c0\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u8bd5\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\uff08\u542b\u963b\u71c3\u7b49\u7ea7\u3001 peel strength\u3001\u70ed\u5e94\u529b\uff09\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\uff08CPK\uff09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u3001FMEA\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca<strong>\u5168\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5168\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5168\u68c0\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5468\u671f\u4e00\u822c\u662f 4\u20138 \u5468\uff0c\u662f\u8f66\u8f7d\u9879\u76ee\u5468\u671f\u91cc\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u3002\u8f66\u8f7d\u677f\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u677f\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/automotive-circuit-board-vs-conventional-circuit-board\/\">Key Differences Between Automotive Circuit Boards and Conventional Circuit Boards<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>8. Gerber\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Gerber<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u7ebf\u8def\u677f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\uff08EDA\uff09\u6216\u8005PCB CAD\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u5149\u523b\u80f6\u677f\uff0c\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u516c\u8ba4\u6807\u51c6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Gerber \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u7ef4\u77e2\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528&#8221;\u753b&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u95ea&#8221;\u4e24\u79cd\u52a8\u4f5c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e3b\u6d41\u662f <strong>RS-274X\uff08\u6269\u5c55 Gerber\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u5149\u5708\u8868\uff08Aperture\uff09\u5185\u5d4c\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8001\u5f0f RS-274D \u9700\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u9644\u5e26\u5149\u5708\u8868\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u5174\u8d77\u7684 <strong>Gerber X2<\/strong> \u4e0e <strong>ODB++<\/strong> \u5219\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u628a\u5c42\u522b\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u963b\u6297\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u5b54\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u5305\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 CAM \u7aef\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Gerber \u4ea4\u4ed8\u5305\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u5e38\u89c4\u6269\u5c55\u540d<\/th>\n<th>Function<\/th>\n<th>\u7f3a\u5931\u540e\u679c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ebf\u8def\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>.GTL \/ .GBL \/ .G1\u2026<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u5c42\u4e0e\u5185\u5c42\u5bfc\u4f53\u56fe\u5f62<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Solder Mask<\/td>\n<td>.GTS \/ .GBS<\/td>\n<td>\u963b\u710a\u5f00\u7a97<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u677f\u8986\u76d6\u6216\u5168\u677f\u5f00\u7a97<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5b57\u7b26\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>.GTO \/ .GBO<\/td>\n<td>\u4e1d\u5370\u6807\u8bc6<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u9521\u818f\u5c42<\/td>\n<td>.GTP \/ .GBP<\/td>\n<td>\u94a2\u7f51\u5f00\u53e3\uff08SMT \u7528\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u94a2\u7f51\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u4f5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u94bb\u5b54\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<td>.TXT \/ .DRL<\/td>\n<td>\u5b54\u4f4d\u4e0e\u5b54\u5f84<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6cd5\u94bb\u5b54<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u5f62\/\u9523\u5e26<\/td>\n<td>.GKO \/ .GM1<\/td>\n<td>\u677f\u5916\u5f62\u4e0e\u69fd\u5b54<\/td>\n<td>\u5916\u5f62\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IPC-356 Network Diagram<\/td>\n<td>.IPC<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u6d4b\u6bd4\u5bf9<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5f00\u77ed\u8def\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e Gerber \u4e0e ODB++ \u7684\u4e92\u8f6c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/gerber-odb-reverse-generate-pcb-file\/\">How to Generate PCB Files from GERBER\/ODB++ Files<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8994\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mother-board-electronic-electronics-5365236.jpg\" alt=\"PCB Design\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mother-board-electronic-electronics-5365236.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mother-board-electronic-electronics-5365236-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mother-board-electronic-electronics-5365236-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mother-board-electronic-electronics-5365236-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3PCB\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9PCB\u884c\u4e1a\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>9. \u677f\u5382\u5de5\u7a0b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u8f6c<\/h2>\n<p>\u628a\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u4e32\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8ba2\u5355\u4ece\u4e0b\u5355\u5230\u51fa\u8d27\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5ba2\u6237\u4e0b\u5355<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4 Gerber + \u56fe\u7eb8 + \u5de5\u827a\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u677f\u539a\u3001\u94dc\u539a\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7406\u3001\u963b\u6297\u3001\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bc4\u5ba1\uff08PE\uff09<\/strong>\uff1aCAM \u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u505a DFM \u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u6e05\u5355\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5efa\u8bae\uff08EQ\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ba2\u6237\u786e\u8ba4<\/strong>\uff1a\u56de\u590d EQ\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u8865\u507f\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u6539\u7248\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u51fa MI<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5199\u8fdb MI\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u7ebf\u552f\u4e00\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tool Making<\/strong>\uff1a\u5149\u7ed8\u3001\u94bb\u5e26\u3001\u9523\u5e26\u3001\u6a21\u5177\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u67b6\u3001\u94a2\u7f51\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8ba1\u5212\u6392\u4ea7\uff08ERP\/APS\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u6599\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u5de5\u5e8f\u6392\u7a0b\u3001\u4ea4\u671f\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cf\u4ea7\uff08MES\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5de5\u5e8f\u6d41\u8f6c\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u91c7\u96c6\u3001SPC \u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u51fa\u8d27<\/strong>\uff1a\u7535\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u5207\u7247\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u963b\u6297\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u51fa\u8d27\u68c0\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u4e0e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>10. \u53e6\u5916 10 \u4e2a\u9ad8\u9891\u672f\u8bed<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762 8 \u4e2a\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u6c9f\u901a\u91cc\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u6e05\u695a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>EQ\uff08Engineering Query\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u8be2\u95ee\u5355\uff0c\u677f\u5382\u5c31\u8d44\u6599\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0\u95ee\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56de\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ea4\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Panel \/ Set \/ Pcs<\/strong>\uff1a\u62fc\u7248 \/ \u5355\u5143 \/ \u5355\u4e2a\u6210\u54c1\u3002\u62a5\u4ef7\u4e0e\u4ea7\u80fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u6362\u7b97\u5173\u7cfb\u8981\u95ee\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annular Ring<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b54\u73af\uff0c\u710a\u76d8\u5916\u7f18\u5230\u5b54\u58c1\u7684\u5bfc\u4f53\u5bbd\u5ea6\uff0c\u592a\u5c0f\u4f1a\u5728\u5bf9\u4f4d\u504f\u5dee\u4e0b\u7834\u76d8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aspect Ratio<\/strong>\uff1a\u539a\u5f84\u6bd4\uff0c\u677f\u539a\u4e0e\u6700\u5c0f\u5b54\u5f84\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 8:1 \u7535\u9540\u96be\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>V-CUT \/ \u90ae\u7968\u5b54<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u677f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cV-CUT \u9002\u5408\u76f4\u7ebf\u5206\u677f\uff0c\u90ae\u7968\u5b54\u9002\u5408\u5f02\u5f62\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Flying Probe \/ Fixture Test<\/strong>\uff1a\u98de\u9488\u6d4b\u8bd5 \/ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u67b6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u6279\u91cf\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9002\u5408\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>CAF<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bfc\u7535\u6027\u9633\u6781\u4e1d\uff0c\u6e7f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7535\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u6cbf\u73bb\u7ea4\u751f\u957f\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u662f\u7edd\u7f18\u5931\u6548\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solder Mask Dam<\/strong>\uff1a\u963b\u710a\u6865\uff0c\u7ec6\u95f4\u8ddd\u710a\u76d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u963b\u710a\u6761\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tg \/ Td<\/strong>\uff1a\u73bb\u7483\u5316\u8f6c\u53d8\u6e29\u5ea6 \/ \u5206\u89e3\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u677f\u6750\u8010\u6e29\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>ICT \/ FCT<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7ebf\u6d4b\u8bd5 \/ \u529f\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0cPCBA \u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8535\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pcb-chemistry-laboratory-terminology.jpg\" alt=\"Explanation of PCB and Chemistry Lab Terminology\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pcb-chemistry-laboratory-terminology.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pcb-chemistry-laboratory-terminology-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pcb-chemistry-laboratory-terminology-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/pcb-chemistry-laboratory-terminology-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/h2>\n<h3>1. PCB\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>PCB\u884c\u4e1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5404\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. PCB\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>PCB\u5236\u9020\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5370\u5237\u3001\u5207\u5272\u3001\u94bb\u5b54\u3001\u7535\u9540\u3001\u963b\u710a\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48PCB\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>PCB\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5236\u9020\u8d28\u91cf\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. PCB\u5236\u9020\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecMI\uff08\u5236\u9020\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u53ca\u6d41\u7a0b\u5236\u4f5c\u6307\u793a\uff09\u3001APQP\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u524d\u4ea7\u54c1\u5236\u54c1\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u548cPPAP\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u8ba4\u53ef\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9700\u6c42\u7684PCB\u5236\u9020\u5382\u5bb6\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9PCB\u5236\u9020\u5382\u5bb6\u65f6\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5176\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u4f53\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u8d27\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. APQP \u548c PPAP \u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u3002APQP \u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u7acb\u9879\u5230\u91cf\u4ea7\u5206\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u628a\u8d28\u91cf\u7b56\u5212\u505a\u5728\u524d\u9762\uff1bPPAP \u662f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u4ea7\u524d\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a&#8221;APQP \u662f\u505a\u8d28\u91cf\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0cPPAP \u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u4ea4\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u677f\u5382\u603b\u50ac\u7740\u56de\u590d EQ\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a EQ\uff08\u5de5\u7a0b\u8be2\u95ee\u5355\uff09\u4e0d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0cCAM \u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u51fa MI\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5236\u4f5c\u3001\u6392\u4ea7\u3001\u5907\u6599\u5168\u90e8\u5361\u4f4f\u3002EQ \u7684\u56de\u590d\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ea4\u671f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5f88\u591a&#8221;\u4ea4\u671f\u5ef6\u8bef&#8221;\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f EQ \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u4fa7\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u51e0\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8. \u53d1 Gerber \u8fd8\u662f ODB++ \u66f4\u597d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>ODB++ \u66f4\u597d\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u5c42\u522b\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u963b\u6297\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u5b54\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u8d77\u6253\u5305\uff0cCAM \u7aef\u4e0d\u7528\u731c\u5c42\u522b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u51fa\u9519\u6982\u7387\u4f4e\u3002\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u677f\u5382\u53ea\u652f\u6301 Gerber\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u53d1 RS-274X \u5b8c\u6574\u5305\uff08\u542b IPC-356 \u7f51\u8868\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u4e00\u4efd\u5c42\u522b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0e\u5de5\u827a\u8981\u6c42\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u540c\u4e00\u4efd Gerber \u4e24\u5bb6\u677f\u5382\u62a5\u4ef7\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a MI \u91cc\u6ca1\u5199\u6b7b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5404\u5bb6\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5de5\u827a\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u9a8c\u6536\u6807\u51c6\uff08Class 2 \u8fd8\u662f Class 3\uff09\u3001\u677f\u539a\u516c\u5dee\u3001\u963b\u6297\u516c\u5dee\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7406\u54c1\u724c\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5168\u68c0\u3001\u662f\u5426\u542b\u963b\u6297\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u672c\u3002\u62a5\u4ef7\u524d\u628a MI \u8981\u7d20\u5199\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ef7\u5dee\u4f1a\u7acb\u523b\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10. \u5c0f\u6279\u91cf\u6253\u6837\u548c\u5927\u6279\u91cf\u91cf\u4ea7\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u6253\u6837\u9636\u6bb5 PE \u4f1a\u505a\u9996\u4ef6\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u56fa\u5316\uff0c\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u591a\u9760\u4eba\u5de5\u5224\u65ad\uff1b\u91cf\u4ea7\u540e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u5199\u8fdb MI \u4e0e SPC \u63a7\u5236\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u81ea\u52a8\u76d1\u63a7\u3002\u8f66\u8f7d\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u6253\u6837\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u540c\u6b65\u542f\u52a8 APQP\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cf\u4ea7\u65f6\u624d\u8865 PPAP \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3PCB\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u968f\u65f6\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7aed\u8bda\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Further Reading<\/strong>\uff1a<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/pcb-english-part-1\/\">Chinese-English Glossary of Common Technical Terms Used in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PCB\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5373\u5370\u5236\u7535\u8def\u677f\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u964c\u751f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e1a\u5185\u4e13 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":122,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"What are the 8 classic challenges in the PCB industry? What are CAD\/CAM, MI, and Paradigm?","description":"Eight Classic PCB Questions: Explaining the meanings of common industry terms such as PCB, PE, CAD\/CAM, MI, Paradigm, APQP, and more."},"_slim_seo_primary_term_category":0,"_slim_seo_primary_term_post_tag":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,412],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-sourcing-cost"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2896"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19880,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2896\/revisions\/19880"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}