{"id":2859,"date":"2025-09-09T09:06:09","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T01:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/?p=2859"},"modified":"2026-10-02T19:43:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T11:43:19","slug":"high-frequency-microwave-board","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/blog\/high-frequency-microwave-board\/","title":{"rendered":"High-Frequency Microwave Board Selection Guide: From Materials to Applications\u2014Comprehensive Coverage of 5G and Radar Scenarios"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.jp-tw{overflow-x:auto;margin:26px 0;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}\n.jp-tw table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:560px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;background:#fff;}\n.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{border:1px solid #dde3ea;padding:11px 14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;}\n.jp-tw thead th{background:#eef2f7;color:#1b2733;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:2px solid #c9d3de;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#fafbfc;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:hover{background:#f1f5fa;}\n.jp-tw tbody td:first-child{font-weight:600;color:#1b2733;}\n@media(max-width:767px){.jp-tw table{font-size:14px;min-width:520px;}.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{padding:9px 11px;}}\n<\/style>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\"><\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"1\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">I. High-Frequency Microwave Boards: Solving \u201cBottleneck\u201d Issues in High-Frequency Applications<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"2\" data-line=\"true\">In the construction of 5G base stations, signal transmission glitches cause call dropouts and network latency; when automotive millimeter-wave radar is in operation, insufficient accuracy increases the risk of misjudgment; and during satellite communications, data packet loss results in the loss of critical information\u2014these \u201cpain points\u201d in high-frequency scenarios often stem from compatibility issues with the core component: the \u201chigh-frequency microwave board.\u201d<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"3\" data-line=\"true\">As specialized printed circuit boards designed to transmit high-frequency signals (typically \u22651 GHz), the performance of high-frequency microwave PCBs directly determines the signal quality and stability of the equipment. However, many engineers and procurement professionals often face challenges such as \u201cincorrect material selection,\u201d \u201cparameter mismatches,\u201d and \u201cinappropriate application scenarios\u201d when selecting these boards. This article will provide a comprehensive guide to selecting high-frequency microwave boards by examining material characteristics and application requirements, while incorporating key selection criteria from core fields such as 5G and radar. It will help you avoid common pitfalls and precisely match your needs.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"3\" data-line=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6509\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/RF-\u2013-Radio-Frequency-PCBs-2.webp\" alt=\"High-Frequency, High-Speed Circuit Boards\" width=\"268\" height=\"155\" \/><\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"4\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">II. Basic Understanding: The \u201cCore Identification\u201d of High-Frequency Microwave Boards\u2014Key Parameters<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"5\" data-line=\"true\">Before selecting a model, you must first understand the key parameters of high-frequency microwave boards; these parameters serve as the \u201cmandatory criteria\u201d for determining whether they are suitable for a given application:<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"6\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(1) Dielectric Constant (Dk)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"7\" data-line=\"true\">The dielectric constant directly affects signal transmission speed; the lower the value, the faster the signal transmission. Requirements for Dk vary significantly across different scenarios: 5G base stations (1\u20136 GHz) typically use substrates with Dk = 3.0\u20134.5, which ensure signal speed while balancing costs; Radar applications (\u226524 GHz) require low-dielectric-constant materials with Dk = 2.0\u20133.0 to reduce signal transmission latency; satellite communications, due to their unique environmental conditions, typically use substrates with higher Dk stability (deviation \u2264 \u00b10.05) to mitigate the impact of the space environment on these parameters.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"8\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(2) Dielectric Loss (Df)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"9\" data-line=\"true\">Dielectric loss determines the degree of signal attenuation; the smaller the Df value, the less energy the signal loses during transmission. High-frequency applications impose extremely strict requirements on Df: the RRU (Remote Radio Unit) circuit boards in 5G base stations require Df \u2264 0.004 to ensure long-distance signal transmission; Automotive millimeter-wave radar (24 GHz\/77 GHz) requires Df \u2264 0.002 to prevent attenuation from reducing detection range; substrate boards for spectrum analyzers in the test and measurement field even require Df \u2264 0.001 to ensure signal detection accuracy.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"10\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(3) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"11\" data-line=\"true\">The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) must match that of the components (such as chips and connectors); otherwise, temperature changes after soldering will cause the substrate to deform, leading to circuit breaks. In industrial applications (-55\u00b0C to 150\u00b0C), substrates with a CTE of 10\u201315 ppm\/\u00b0C are commonly used; in aerospace applications (-60\u00b0C to 180\u00b0C), a CTE of \u22648 ppm\/\u00b0C is required to accommodate the extreme temperature fluctuations experienced by spacecraft.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"12\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(4) Temperature Resistance<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"13\" data-line=\"true\">Temperature ranges vary significantly across different application scenarios: Outdoor 5G base station equipment must withstand temperatures ranging from \u201340\u00b0C to 85\u00b0C; radar panels located near automotive engines must withstand temperatures ranging from \u201340\u00b0C to 125\u00b0C; satellite communication equipment, on the other hand, must operate reliably under extreme temperatures ranging from \u201360\u00b0C to 180\u00b0C. When selecting components, the temperature rating must be determined based on the actual operating environment.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"14\" data-line=\"true\">In addition, it is important to clearly distinguish between high-frequency microwave boards and standard PCBs to avoid confusion when selecting the appropriate type:<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"15\" data-line=\"true\">\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table class=\"ace-table\" border=\"1\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"200;200;200;\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr16eh9u5d9lyhhlkrn23lmeyoqzgu3zl6cxc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Dimensions of Comparison<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr16eh9u5d9lyhhlkrn23lmeyoqzgu3zl6cxc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">High-Frequency Microwave Boards<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr16eh9u5d9lyhhlkrn23lmeyoqzgu3zl6cxc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Standard PCB<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1p8sc1ttrsazo0gdw99cdkz98br4r0563xc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Dielectric Properties<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1p8sc1ttrsazo0gdw99cdkz98br4r0563xc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Dk is stable (deviation \u2264 \u00b10.05), Df is low<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1p8sc1ttrsazo0gdw99cdkz98br4r0563xc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Dk has high variability (deviation \u00b10.1\u20130.2), and Df is high<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1v7sliw4jmjgl6hhgfsewh7pzvzjzwvpdxc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Signal Transmission Efficiency<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1v7sliw4jmjgl6hhgfsewh7pzvzjzwvpdxc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Low attenuation (\u22640.1 dB\/cm at 10 GHz)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1v7sliw4jmjgl6hhgfsewh7pzvzjzwvpdxc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">High attenuation (\u22650.5 dB\/cm at 10 GHz)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1l4dqsqbv4mqswg7n48v4w0otnh972ag3xc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Applicable Frequency<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1l4dqsqbv4mqswg7n48v4w0otnh972ag3xc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">\u22651 GHz (high-frequency \/ ultra-high-frequency scenarios)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1l4dqsqbv4mqswg7n48v4w0otnh972ag3xc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">\u22641 GHz (low-to-mid-frequency scenarios)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1riobrlb76wpe3nb360tmnrsu1sp16gknxc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Cost<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1riobrlb76wpe3nb360tmnrsu1sp16gknxc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Higher (modified FR-4: approximately 200 yuan\/\u33a1; PTFE: approximately 800 yuan\/\u33a1)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1riobrlb76wpe3nb360tmnrsu1sp16gknxc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Lower (standard FR-4 is about 50 yuan per square meter)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1uzzamb42k9ibkpvhkr5l193ymwubzedbxc1a4d0nuver83hfnvjvrf48jz22guytqou\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Manufacturing Process<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1uzzamb42k9ibkpvhkr5l193ymwubzedbxc1u37t3f7cyu073cr8ldhkz2hvai54pt7w\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Requires high-precision etching (\u00b10.02 mm) and impedance control<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<div data-zone-id=\"xr1uzzamb42k9ibkpvhkr5l193ymwubzedbxc1viszsj520a1a181w2kl5n7fbgqv2lefl\" data-line-index=\"0\" data-line=\"true\">Standard etching (\u00b10.05 mm), no strict impedance requirements<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"16\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">III. Key Step: Selecting Materials for High-Frequency Microwave Boards \u2014 Application Scenarios Are the Key<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"17\" data-line=\"true\">The material of a high-frequency microwave board directly determines its maximum performance. Currently, there are three main types of materials on the market, and the choice must be made carefully based on the specific application requirements:<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"17\" data-line=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6454\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/what-is-a-high-frequency-high-speed-pcb-board.jpg\" alt=\"High-Frequency, High-Speed PCBs\" width=\"455\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/what-is-a-high-frequency-high-speed-pcb-board.jpg 455w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/what-is-a-high-frequency-high-speed-pcb-board-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/><\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"18\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(1) PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Material<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"19\" data-line=\"true\">The key advantages of PTFE are its low dielectric constant (Dk = 2.0\u20132.2), low dielectric loss (Df = 0.0005\u20130.001), and a wide temperature range (-200\u00b0C to 260\u00b0C), making it suitable for high-frequency (\u226510 GHz) and extreme environmental conditions.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"20\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Suitable Scenarios<\/b>: Automotive millimeter-wave radar (24 GHz\/77 GHz), satellite communication transceiver modules, and terahertz testing equipment. For example, 77 GHz automotive radar requires reduced signal attenuation at high frequencies; PTFE material can limit attenuation to within 0.05 dB\/cm, ensuring a detection range of over 150 meters. In satellite communication equipment operating under extreme temperatures in space, PTFE\u2019s temperature resistance prevents substrate cracking.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"21\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Limitations<\/b>: Difficult to process (requires special cutting equipment) and expensive (3\u20135 times the cost of modified FR-4 material); for small-batch applications, the cost must be carefully weighed.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"22\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(2) Modified FR-4 Material<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"23\" data-line=\"true\">FR-4 modified material, which incorporates ceramic powder, glass fiber, and other components, offers optimized dielectric properties (Dk = 3.0\u20134.5, Df = 0.002\u20130.004) at a lower cost than PTFE, making it suitable for cost-sensitive applications in the mid-to-high frequency range (1\u20136 GHz).<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"24\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Suitable Scenarios<\/b>: 5G base station antenna boards, RRU circuit boards, and mobile phone RF modules. 5G base stations require large-scale deployment, and modified FR-4 material offers significant cost advantages; furthermore, with a Df \u2264 0.004 in the 1\u20136 GHz frequency band, it meets signal transmission requirements. Given the limited space in mobile phone RF modules, modified FR-4 material provides high processing flexibility, enabling the fabrication of complex circuit patterns.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"25\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Limitations<\/b>: Signal attenuation is significant at high frequencies (\u226510 GHz), making it unsuitable for ultra-high-frequency applications such as radar and satellites.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"26\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(3) Ceramic Materials<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"27\" data-line=\"true\">Ceramic materials (such as aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride) feature high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride = 170 W\/m\u00b7K), low dielectric loss (Df = 0.001\u20130.002), and radiation resistance, making them suitable for applications requiring high heat dissipation and radiation resistance.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"28\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Suitable Scenarios<\/b>: Satellite spacecraft telemetry, tracking, and command (TTC) circuit boards; high-power radar modules. Satellites are exposed to the radiation environment of space, and the radiation resistance of ceramic materials helps prevent degradation of the substrate\u2019s performance; high-power radar modules generate significant heat during operation, and the high thermal conductivity of ceramics facilitates rapid heat dissipation, preventing the chips from overheating.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"29\" data-line=\"true\"><b>Limitations<\/b>: Highly brittle (prone to breaking), high cost (2\u20133 times that of PTFE), and requires special packaging for shipping.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"30\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">Summary of the Logic Behind Material Selection<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"CV2an6v2\" data-start=\"1\">First, determine the frequency: for frequencies \u226510 GHz, choose PTFE or ceramic; for frequencies between 1 and 6 GHz, choose modified FR-4;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"t3RNkR6V\" data-start=\"2\">Next, consider the environment: for extreme temperatures or radiation, choose PTFE or ceramic; for standard environments, choose modified FR-4;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"YiQoNMmL\" data-start=\"3\">Ultimately, balance the costs: Prioritize FR-4 modification for high-volume applications, and choose PTFE or ceramic for high-end applications.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"34\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">IV. Real-World Applications: Key Considerations for Selecting 5G and Radar Solutions<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"35\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(1) Product Selection in the 5G Sector<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"36\" data-line=\"true\">The core requirements for high-frequency microwave boards in 5G applications are \u201clow loss, high stability, and low cost.\u201d The differences in component selection are as follows:<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"sjviLIxv\" data-start=\"1\"><b>5G Base Station Antenna Board<\/b>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Frequency Requirements: 3.5 GHz\/2.6 GHz (mid-band);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Material Selection: FR-4 modified material (Dk=3.5\u20134.0, Df\u22640.004);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Key Parameters: Impedance control 50 \u03a9 (tolerance \u2264 \u00b15%), temperature range \u201340\u00b0C to 85\u00b0C;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Process Requirements: Use a gold-plated surface finish (to enhance oxidation resistance and ensure suitability for humid outdoor environments), with a line width tolerance of \u00b10.03 mm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"SC6Pj5bn\" data-start=\"2\"><b>RRU (Remote Radio Unit) Circuit Board<\/b>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Frequency requirements: 2.6 GHz\u20135 GHz;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Material Selection: High-end modified FR-4 (Dk = 3.0\u20133.5, Df \u2264 0.003);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Key Parameters: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) = 12\u201315 ppm\/\u00b0C (matched to RF chips), temperature range: \u201340\u00b0C to 85\u00b0C;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Process Requirements: High-precision etching (\u00b10.02 mm); addition of a shielding layer (to reduce signal interference).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"4lO88OVa\" data-start=\"3\"><b>Mobile Phone RF Module<\/b>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Frequency Requirements: Sub-6GHz (5G primary bands);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Material Selection: Thin FR-4 modified material (thickness 0.2\u20130.4 mm, Dk = 3.2\u20133.8, Df \u2264 0.004);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Key Parameters: Compact size (fits inside a smartphone), impedance controlled at 50\u03a9 (tolerance \u2264 \u00b13%);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Process Requirements: Fine-line circuits (line width\/line spacing: 0.1 mm\/0.1 mm), lead-free soldering (compliant with environmental standards).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"52\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(2) Selecting Radar Systems<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"53\" data-line=\"true\">The core requirements in the field of radar are \u201chigh-frequency compatibility, interference resistance, and high precision.\u201d Take automotive millimeter-wave radar and aviation radar as examples:<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"7nQjiaQg\" data-start=\"1\"><b>Automotive Millimeter-Wave Radar Board (24 GHz\/77 GHz)<\/b>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Frequency requirements: 24 GHz (short-range radar), 77 GHz (long-range radar);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Material Selection: For 24 GHz, select PTFE (Dk = 2.2\u20132.5, Df \u2264 0.002); for 77 GHz, select high-end PTFE (Dk = 2.0\u20132.2, Df \u2264 0.001);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Key Parameters: Temperature Range \u2013 40\u00b0C to 125\u00b0C (suitable for high- and low-temperature automotive environments), Impedance Control 50 \u03a9 (tolerance \u2264 \u00b121 TP3T);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Manufacturing Requirements: Laser drilling (hole diameter less than 0.1 mm) is to be used, and the surface treatment should be immersion gold plating (to enhance wear resistance and withstand automotive vibrations).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"wDwdygwP\" data-start=\"2\"><b>Aviation Radar Circuit Boards<\/b>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Frequency Requirements: X-band (8\u201312 GHz), Ku-band (12\u201318 GHz);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Material Selection: Ceramic material (aluminum nitride, Dk = 8.0\u20139.0, Df \u2264 0.002);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Key Parameters: Radiation resistance (total dose \u2265 100 krad), temperature resistance: \u201355\u00b0C to 150\u00b0C, thermal conductivity \u2265 150 W\/m\u00b7K (high-power heat dissipation);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"temp-li bullet2\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"bullet2\">Process Requirements: High-precision impedance control (error \u2264 \u00b11%); smooth trace edges (to reduce signal reflection).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"64\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">V. Guide to Avoiding Pitfalls: \u201cPitfalls\u201d in Selecting and Purchasing High-Frequency Microwave Boards\u201d<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"65\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(1) Common Mistakes in Model Selection<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"ohaLcq2X\" data-start=\"1\"><b>Misconception 1: Blindly Pursuing a Low Dk<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"67\" data-line=\"true\">A lower Dk value isn\u2019t necessarily better; it must be matched to the frequency. For example, in the 5G mid-band (3.5 GHz), if PTFE with a Dk of 2.0 is selected, the signal transmission speed is fast, but the cost is high and processing is difficult; in this case, a modified FR-4 material with a Dk of 3.5 offers better value for money.<\/div>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"ZqlAUulb\" data-start=\"2\"><b>Misconception 2: Neglecting Impedance Matching<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"69\" data-line=\"true\">Impedance mismatch can cause signal reflection, which affects transmission quality. For example, if the impedance error on a radar board exceeds \u00b15%, the detection range may be reduced by more than 20%. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the impedance value and tolerance range when selecting components.<\/div>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"xWOCLw3N\" data-start=\"3\"><b>Misconception 3: Not Considering Environmental Adaptability<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"71\" data-line=\"true\">If a substrate with a temperature range of \u201320\u00b0C to 60\u00b0C is used for outdoor 5G base stations, low winter temperatures may cause the substrate to crack; if automotive radar boards are not vibration-resistant, circuit disconnections may occur during long-term use.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"72\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">(2) Key Points for Avoiding Pitfalls in Procurement<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"WUIsYrPv\" data-start=\"1\"><b>Please provide the test report.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"74\" data-line=\"true\">To prevent suppliers from \u201cmisrepresenting specifications,\u201d require them to provide actual test reports for dielectric constant and dielectric loss (such as S-parameter test reports issued by third-party testing organizations), and focus on verifying whether parameters in the high-frequency range (such as 10 GHz and 24 GHz) meet the required standards.<\/div>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"Lrl0xXMB\" data-start=\"2\"><b>Clarify the After-Sales Service Terms<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"76\" data-line=\"true\">High-frequency microwave boards are difficult to manufacture and prone to quality issues. The contract must clearly stipulate: a warranty period of at least one year; the right to return or exchange products if specifications are not met; and a technical support response time of \u226424 hours (if signal attenuation issues arise, the supplier must assist with troubleshooting).<\/div>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li class=\"temp-li number1\" data-line=\"true\" data-list=\"number1\" data-ol-id=\"rDpA1rFD\" data-start=\"3\"><b>Verify Supplier Production Capacity<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"78\" data-line=\"true\">For bulk purchases (such as the construction of 5G base stations, which requires tens of thousands of units), it is necessary to conduct on-site inspections of suppliers\u2019 production capacity and select manufacturers with a daily production capacity of at least 300 units and at least five high-precision etching machines to avoid delivery delays that could impact project progress.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"79\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h2 class=\"heading-h2\">VI. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"80\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">1. What should be done about changes in the dielectric constant of high-frequency microwave boards as temperature varies?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"81\" data-line=\"true\">Select materials with good temperature stability (such as PTFE, which has a coefficient of temperature expansion \u2264 \u00b10.001\/\u00b0C), or allow for parameter compensation during the design phase\u2014for example, by reducing the design value of Dk by 0.1 to offset the increase in Dk at high temperatures.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"82\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">2. How can we reduce costs when purchasing small batches of PTFE-based high-frequency microwave boards?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"83\" data-line=\"true\">For small batches (\u2264100 pieces), die-cutting can be used as an alternative to laser cutting, reducing costs by 30%; choose the supplier\u2019s \u201cstandard-size substrates\u201d (such as 100 mm \u00d7 100 mm or 200 mm \u00d7 200 mm) to avoid custom cutting fees.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"84\" data-line=\"true\">\n<h3 class=\"heading-h3\">3. What causes a sudden increase in signal attenuation during the use of high-frequency microwave boards?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"85\" data-line=\"true\">This may be due to moisture on the substrate (increased dielectric constant causing attenuation) or oxidation of the circuit traces (increased contact resistance). Check the substrate\u2019s sealing integrity (e.g., whether the bonding adhesive has come loose) and verify that the surface treatment is immersion gold (which offers better oxidation resistance than tin plating). If necessary, replace the substrate with one that has better moisture resistance.<\/div>\n<div data-zone-id=\"0\" data-line-index=\"86\" data-line=\"true\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u9ad8\u9891\u5fae\u6ce2\u677f\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u9ad8\u9891\u573a\u666f \u201c\u5361\u8116\u5b50\u201d \u95ee\u9898 \u5728 5G \u57fa\u7ad9\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u5361\u987f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"High-Frequency Microwave Board Selection Guide: From Materials to Applications\u2014Comprehensive Coverage of 5G and Radar Scenarios","description":"How to Choose High-Frequency Microwave Boards? This article explains four key parameters\u2014dielectric constant (Dk), loss factor (Df), CTE, and temperature resistance\u2014and compares the suitability of materials such as PTFE for 5G and radar applications."},"_slim_seo_primary_term_category":0,"_slim_seo_primary_term_post_tag":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[354],"class_list":["post-2859","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-354"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2859"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13368,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2859\/revisions\/13368"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}