{"id":2616,"date":"2026-11-12T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/?p=2616"},"modified":"2026-10-10T00:08:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T16:08:21","slug":"copper-clad-oil-spot-defects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/blog\/copper-clad-oil-spot-defects\/","title":{"rendered":"A Discussion on Oil Spot Defects on the Surface of Copper-Clad Circuit Boards"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.jp-tw{overflow-x:auto;margin:26px 0;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}\n.jp-tw table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:560px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;background:#fff;}\n.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{border:1px solid #dde3ea;padding:11px 14px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;}\n.jp-tw thead th{background:#eef2f7;color:#1b2733;font-weight:700;white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:2px solid #c9d3de;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#fafbfc;}\n.jp-tw tbody tr:hover{background:#f1f5fa;}\n.jp-tw tbody td:first-child{font-weight:600;color:#1b2733;}\n@media(max-width:767px){.jp-tw table{font-size:14px;min-width:520px;}.jp-tw th,.jp-tw td{padding:9px 11px;}}\n<\/style>\n<p>In the manufacturing process of printed circuit boards (PCBs),<a href=\"\/en\/capabilities\/pcb-materials\/\">Copper-Clad Laminate<\/a>Oily stains on the surface are an uncommon but significant defect. This defect can negatively impact the quality and performance of printed circuit boards. This article will take an in-depth look at the mechanisms behind the formation of oily stains on the surface of copper-clad laminates, as well as methods for addressing this issue.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-10285\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/10-layer-industrial-control-thick-copper-circuit-board.jpg\" alt=\"10-Layer Industrial-Grade Thick-Copper PCB\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/10-layer-industrial-control-thick-copper-circuit-board.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/10-layer-industrial-control-thick-copper-circuit-board-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/10-layer-industrial-control-thick-copper-circuit-board-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Foreword<\/h2>\n<p>First, let\u2019s take a look at the basic structure of a copper-clad laminate. A copper-clad laminate consists of a substrate, copper foil, and an adhesive. The substrate is typically made of an insulating laminate composed of synthetic polymer resins and reinforcing materials, while the copper foil is a layer of pure copper with high electrical conductivity and good solderability, which covers the surface of the substrate. Copper-clad laminate is one of the foundational materials for printed circuit boards, and its quality has a significant impact on the overall quality and performance of the circuit board.<\/p>\n<p>The performance characteristics of copper-clad laminates include surface quality, heat resistance, warpage, thermal conductivity, and environmental adaptability, among others, with surface quality being one of the most fundamental and critical factors. The quality of the surface directly affects the yield rate of circuit boards as well as potential issues such as open circuits and short circuits. Therefore, we must take seriously any factor that affects surface quality, including surface defects on the copper-clad laminate, such as adhesive residue and dimples.<\/p>\n<h2>Advanced: What aspects are included in the visual quality assessment of copper-clad laminates?<\/h2>\n<p>The original text points out that apparent quality is one of the most fundamental and critical factors. Expanding on the concept of \u201capparent quality,\u201d incoming inspections for copper-clad laminates typically cover the following categories:<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Defect Type<\/th>\n<th>Physical Characteristics<\/th>\n<th>Possible Sources<\/th>\n<th>Impact on Subsequent Processes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Glue Stains<\/td>\n<td>Localized resin residue, glossy appearance<\/td>\n<td>Excess adhesive during lamination, contamination during handling<\/td>\n<td>Decreased Solder Mask Adhesion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dents \/ Indentations<\/td>\n<td>Dent in the copper surface<\/td>\n<td>Foreign objects pressed into the steel plate or underlayment<\/td>\n<td>Risk of Line Disconnection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oil Spot<\/td>\n<td>Spotty, watermark-like marks<\/td>\n<td>Heat Transfer Oil Mist Deposition<\/td>\n<td>Poor dry film adhesion, etching abnormalities<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Scratch<\/td>\n<td>Linear marks<\/td>\n<td>Friction During Handling and Stacking<\/td>\n<td>Local Open Circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oxidation \/ Discoloration<\/td>\n<td>The copper surface is dull or mottled<\/td>\n<td>Stored in damp conditions, past expiration date<\/td>\n<td>Decreased solderability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Copper Foil Creases<\/td>\n<td>Undulations in the Copper Surface<\/td>\n<td>Displacement of the Copper Sheet During the Laminating Process<\/td>\n<td>Uneven line width<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>A common characteristic of these defects is<strong>These issues all occur before or during the pressing process, and they are all magnified in subsequent processes.<\/strong>. A copper-clad laminate with oil spots on its surface still exhibits defects after lamination; once the process moves to the circuit formation stage, the dry film at the oil spots lacks sufficient adhesion, making it prone to notches or residual copper during development or etching.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incoming inspection is the first line of defense.<\/strong>: The sampling rate and evaluation criteria must be clearly defined;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Defects must be recorded by category.<\/strong>: Different defects point to different areas for improvement;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Batch traceability is important<\/strong>: Defects in the same batch often share common characteristics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Create an incoming inspection checklist based on the table above;<\/li>\n<li>After discovering a defect, first determine its type and then trace its source;<\/li>\n<li>Implement targeted corrective actions for recurring defects.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-12878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse.webp\" alt=\"PCB Board Warehouse\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse.webp 1920w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/pcb-material-warehouse-1536x864.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>For copper-clad laminates and materials, see<a href=\"\/en\/capabilities\/pcb-materials\/\">PCB Sheets<\/a>; For key points on copper-clad laminates, see<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/8-issues-for-pcb-copper-clad-coating\/\">8 Things to Keep in Mind When Applying Copper to a PCB<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>A Study on the Formation of Oil Spots on the Surface of Copper-Clad Laminates<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Nature of the Defect<\/h3>\n<p>Oily stains on the surface of copper-clad laminates typically appear as small, spot-like marks, which are quite rare under normal circumstances. These defects are found on the surface of the copper foil in the laminate and, when viewed with the naked eye, resemble oil spots. When viewed through a magnifying glass, these defects appear as irregular, watermark-like marks that differ in color from the copper foil.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Experimental Procedure<\/h3>\n<p>To identify these suspected oil spots, we conducted a series of experiments. First, we used oil-absorbing paper to cover and secure different areas of the copper-clad laminate, then let it sit for fifteen minutes to collect the suspected oil spots. Although we performed elemental analysis, the complexity of the experiment made it difficult to identify these suspected oil spots.<\/p>\n<p>Through an analysis of the nature of the substances conducted by maintenance personnel and an on-site inspection at the production facility, we ultimately confirmed that these suspected oil stains were indeed oil\u2014specifically, the heat transfer oil used in the laminating machine.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Mechanism of Formation<\/h3>\n<p>Heat transfer oil is a special type of oil used to transfer heat; it is characterized by good thermal stability, uniform heating, and excellent heat transfer efficiency. However, while heat transfer oil is primarily used to transfer heat in laminating machines, leaks can cause oil mist to form, which eventually deposits on the surface of copper-clad laminates, resulting in oil spot defects.<\/p>\n<p>This oil mist is formed when the heat transfer oil expands after being heated at the leak point, similar to the ejection process from a nozzle. Because the oil mist carries a certain electrical charge and is carried by the airflow, it adheres to the surface of the copper-clad laminate, causing defects. Experiments have confirmed that electrostatic forces also play a role in this process.<\/p>\n<h2>Advanced: At which specific step do oil spots cause defects?<\/h2>\n<p>The original text mentions that oil leaks can cause problems such as open circuits and short circuits. Clearly identifying the affected pathways helps assess the severity of the issue and determine the appropriate course of action:<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Affected Processes<\/th>\n<th>Specific Manifestations<\/th>\n<th>Severity<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Preprocessing<\/td>\n<td>Oil contamination hinders micro-etching, resulting in insufficient localized roughening<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Laminating<\/td>\n<td>The dry film is not adhering properly in some areas<\/td>\n<td>Upper-middle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Exposure and Development<\/td>\n<td>Edge seepage, line width distortion<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etching<\/td>\n<td>The copper that was supposed to be protected was corroded away, creating a notch.<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Solder Mask Printing<\/td>\n<td>The ink's adhesion has decreased, causing it to flake off easily.<\/td>\n<td>\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surface Treatment<\/td>\n<td>Selective Solder Defects<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>As can be seen, the most severe consequences occurred in<strong>Etching and Surface Treatment: Two Key Steps<\/strong>: Gaps in the circuit caused during the etching stage constitute permanent electrical defects; localized areas where solder does not adhere, caused during the surface treatment stage, affect soldering yield. This also explains why the original text emphasizes that such defects can affect the reliability of the entire board.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The oil spot is small and located outside the circuit area<\/strong>: The impact is relatively manageable; clearance may be granted after assessment;<\/li>\n<li><strong>The oil spot is located in an area with a high concentration of fine lines.<\/strong>: High risk; it is recommended to exclude the entire batch;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oil spots appear in clusters<\/strong>: This indicates that the source of pollution persists; production must be suspended until corrective measures are taken.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>After discovering oil spots, first determine their distribution pattern and number;<\/li>\n<li>Determine whether it falls within the critical path;<\/li>\n<li>Based on the evaluation criteria, the items are either released, sorted, or returned in their entirety.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8635\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/copper-foil-pcb.jpg\" alt=\"Copper Foil: The Lifeline of PCBs\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/copper-foil-pcb.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/copper-foil-pcb-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/copper-foil-pcb-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/copper-foil-pcb-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>For surface treatment processes, see<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/pcb-surface-plating\/\">PCB Surface Treatment<\/a>; For the inner-layer process, see<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/the-difference-between-dry-film-and-wet-film-in-pcb-inner-layer\/\">The Difference Between Dry Film and Wet Film for PCB Inner Layers<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Solution<\/h2>\n<p>To address oil spots on the surface of copper-clad laminates, we can take the following measures:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Repairing Leaks: First, we need to repair the heat transfer oil leaks. By inspecting for leaks at the connection between the top of the heat transfer oil valve body on the laminator and the electronic control unit, we can locate the source of the leak and repair it to prevent the generation of oil mist.<\/li>\n<li>Electrostatic Control: Since static electricity plays a role in the formation of oil mist, electrostatic control measures can be considered to reduce its impact on oil mist. This includes the use of antistatic materials and equipment designed to dissipate static electricity.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Advanced: How to Troubleshoot the Thermal Oil System in a Laminating Machine<\/h2>\n<p>The original text indicates that the leak is located at the connection between the top of the hot oil valve body and the electronic control head. To systematize the troubleshooting process, proceed in the following order:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Visual and Tactile Inspection<\/strong>: First, check the valve body, flanges, and fittings for oil stains and dust buildup, paying particular attention to the high-temperature sections;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pressure Holding Test<\/strong>: With the machine shut down, maintain pressure in each section of the oil circuit and observe the pressure drop;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Infrared Temperature Measurement<\/strong>: Points of abnormal temperature rise often correspond to locations where throttling or blockages occur;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oil Mist Observation<\/strong>: If you shine a bright light from the side in a dark area, you can see the direction in which the oil mist is dispersing;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Replace the Seals<\/strong>: The seal at the connection between the valve stem and the electronic control head is a common point of wear.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Items to Be Inspected<\/th>\n<th>Frequently Asked Questions<\/th>\n<th>Processing<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Hot Oil Valve Body<\/td>\n<td>Aged valve stem seal, sand holes in the valve body<\/td>\n<td>Replace the seals or the valve body<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flanges and Fittings<\/td>\n<td>Aged gaskets, uneven bolt torque<\/td>\n<td>Replace the gasket and tighten to the specified torque.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pipes and Elbows<\/td>\n<td>Vibration Fatigue Cracks<\/td>\n<td>Repair or Replace the Pipe Section<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Oil Pump and Filter<\/td>\n<td>Seal Leaks, Clogged Filter Elements<\/td>\n<td>Replace the seal or filter cartridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Expansion Tanks and Venting<\/td>\n<td>Poor exhaust flow causes pressure fluctuations<\/td>\n<td>Vent the system and check the fluid level<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>In addition to fixing leaks, you should also pay attention to<strong>Pathways of Oil Mist Dispersion in the Workshop<\/strong>. The original text mentions that oil mist is carried by airflow and becomes electrically charged; therefore, simply repairing the leak may not be sufficient\u2014if the workshop airflow continues to blow residual oil mist toward the sheet metal storage area, the problem may persist for some time. During the remediation process, adjustments should be made simultaneously to the supply and return air ducts and the location where the sheet metal is stored.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>After repairing a leak, you should monitor it for a while.<\/strong>: Determine whether the corrective actions were effective only after confirming that the defect rate has decreased;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Establish a Inspection System<\/strong>: Include high-temperature seals in the list of items to be replaced on a regular basis;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maintain testing records for oil products<\/strong>: Oil degradation accelerates seal aging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1174\" height=\"661\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8459\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multilayer-board-substrate-materials-and-semi-cured-sheets.jpg\" alt=\"Multilayer Board Substrate Materials and Preforms\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multilayer-board-substrate-materials-and-semi-cured-sheets.jpg 1174w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multilayer-board-substrate-materials-and-semi-cured-sheets-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multilayer-board-substrate-materials-and-semi-cured-sheets-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/multilayer-board-substrate-materials-and-semi-cured-sheets-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1174px) 100vw, 1174px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>See \"Compression and Air Bubbles\"<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/reasons-and-solutions-for-bubble-formation-in-multi-layer-circuit-boards\/\">Causes and Solutions for Bubbles in the Layers of Multilayer Printed Circuit Boards<\/a>; For manufacturing capabilities, see<a href=\"\/en\/pcb-factory\/\">PCB Manufacturing<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Advanced: General Practices for Pollution Control in Manufacturing Facilities<\/h2>\n<p>Oil spots are just one of many types of contamination-related defects. By establishing a systematic approach to contamination control, multiple issues can be resolved at once. Common sources of contamination and control measures are as follows:<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Pollution Sources<\/th>\n<th>Typical Defects<\/th>\n<th>Control Measures<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Heat Transfer Oil Mist<\/td>\n<td>Oil spots, watermark-like stains<\/td>\n<td>Repair leaks, use localized ventilation, and store items in isolated areas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>The Human Body and Gloves<\/td>\n<td>Fingerprints, sweat stains<\/td>\n<td>Standardize glove changes; prohibit bare-hand contact<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airborne Dust<\/td>\n<td>Pinholes, Dents<\/td>\n<td>Cleanroom Classification, Pressure Differential, and Filtration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Electrostatic Adsorption<\/td>\n<td>Fiber and Dust Adhesion<\/td>\n<td>Ionizing Fans, Anti-Static Supplies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Equipment Lubricating Grease<\/td>\n<td>Oil stains<\/td>\n<td>Switch to low-volatility oils and install oil splash guards<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Detergent residue<\/td>\n<td>White spots, water stains<\/td>\n<td>Standard Rinsing and Drying Procedures<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>Among them<strong>The role of static electricity is often underestimated<\/strong>. Original experiments have confirmed that static electricity affects the adhesion of oil mist; in actual production, static electricity also causes fibers and dust to adhere, resulting in another type of cosmetic defect. Therefore, installing ionizing fans and using anti-static consumables in key areas is a measure that requires minimal investment but yields significant benefits.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Partition Management<\/strong>: Divide the workshop into zones based on cleanliness requirements, and separate pedestrian and material flow;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Store the panels under cover<\/strong>: Avoid exposure to cumulative air pollution;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regular Cleaning and Inspections<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a\u6e05\u6d01\u505a\u6210\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a81\u51fb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-6068\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb.jpg\" alt=\"Thick Copper Board\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/thick-copper-board-pcb-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u6bd4\u89c1<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/7-pcb-board-surface-treatment\/\">\u4e03\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1PCB\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/a>\uff1b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u89c1<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/19-pcb-reliability-and-microsection-points\/\">Key Points on the Reliability of 19 Printed Circuit Boards and Microsectioning Techniques<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u72b6\u6c61\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5bf9\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u590d\u6e17\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u91c7\u53d6\u9759\u7535\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e00\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5370\u5237\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u8fdb\u9636\uff1a\u7f3a\u9677\u600e\u4e48\u68c0\u51fa\u6765\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u5b9a<\/h2>\n<p>\u6cb9\u70b9\u7c7b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u300c\u8089\u773c\u4e0d\u6613\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5f71\u54cd\u660e\u786e\u300d\u3002\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u68c0\u51fa\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u5224\u5b9a\u601d\u8def\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"jp-tw\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Means<\/th>\n<th>\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48<\/th>\n<th>\u9002\u7528\u73af\u8282<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5f3a\u5149\u659c\u7167\u76ee\u89c6<\/td>\n<td>\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6cb9\u70b9\u3001\u6c34\u5370\u5370\u8ff9<\/td>\n<td>\u6765\u6599\u4e0e\u538b\u5408\u524d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u653e\u5927\u955c \/ \u663e\u5fae\u955c<\/td>\n<td>\u7ec6\u5fae\u70b9\u72b6\u7f3a\u9677\u4e0e\u5f62\u6001\u5224\u522b<\/td>\n<td>\u7f3a\u9677\u786e\u8ba4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c34\u819c\u7834\u88c2\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/td>\n<td>\u94dc\u9762\u6e05\u6d01\u5ea6\uff08\u4eb2\u6c34\u6027\u662f\u5426\u5747\u5300\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u524d\u5904\u7406\u540e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u63a5\u89e6\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf<\/td>\n<td>\u8868\u9762\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u5747\u5300<\/td>\n<td>\u6839\u56e0\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7ea2\u5916 \/ \u80fd\u8c31\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n<td>\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6210\u5206<\/td>\n<td>\u7591\u96be\u7f3a\u9677\u5b9a\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u7528\u5438\u6cb9\u9762\u7eb8\u8986\u76d6\u9759\u7f6e\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u7591\u4f3c\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f88\u52a1\u5b9e\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u82e5\u6761\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u7ea2\u5916\u6216\u80fd\u8c31\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u6761\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c<strong>\u7528\u6392\u9664\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u9010\u4e00\u505c\u6389\u53ef\u7591\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u9694\u79bb\u53ef\u7591\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u5426\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5148\u5b9a\u6027\u518d\u6574\u6539<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6765\u6e90\u6bd4\u76f2\u76ee\u6e05\u6d01\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6574\u6539\u6548\u679c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6574\u6539\u524d\u540e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u7387\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u628a\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u5199\u8fdb\u68c0\u9a8c\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u540c\u68c0\u9a8c\u5458\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u54ea\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f00\u8def\u3001\u77ed\u8def\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5bfc\u70ed\u6cb9\u4f1a\u6e17\u6f0f\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u6cb9\u96fe\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5bfc\u70ed\u6cb9\u5728\u5c42\u538b\u673a\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u52a0\u70ed\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u81a8\u80c0\u5e76\u6e17\u6f0f\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e17\u6f0f\u6cb9\u96fe\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bfc\u70ed\u6cb9\u5728\u6e17\u6f0f\u53e3\u5904\u88ab\u52a0\u70ed\u540e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u55b7\u5c04\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u9759\u7535\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u9759\u7535\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6cb9\u96fe\u7684\u7c98\u9644\u548c\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cb9\u96fe\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9644\u7740\u5728\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u590d\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u590d\u5bfc\u70ed\u6cb9\u7684\u6e17\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u91c7\u53d6\u9759\u7535\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9759\u7535\u5bf9\u6cb9\u96fe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u5bff\u547d\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u6cb9\u70b9\u7f3a\u9677\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6e05\u6d17\u53bb\u9664\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u6cb9\u6c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9664\u6cb9\u4e0e\u5fae\u8680\u5de5\u5e8f\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u524d\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e17\u5165\u6216\u9762\u79ef\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6cb9\u70b9\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u6e05\u6d17\u96be\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u4e14\u8fc7\u5ea6\u52a0\u5f3a\u6e05\u6d17\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u94dc\u9762\u7c97\u7cd9\u5ea6\u4e0e\u540e\u7eed\u9644\u7740\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6d88\u9664\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u540e\u6bb5\u6e05\u6d17\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6cb9\u70b9\u5728\u653e\u5927\u955c\u4e0b\u6c34\u5370\u72b6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5706\u5f62\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cb9\u96fe\u662f\u4ee5\u5fae\u5c0f\u6db2\u6ef4\u5f62\u5f0f\u98d8\u6563\u5e76\u6c89\u79ef\u7684\uff0c\u6c89\u964d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d7\u6c14\u6d41\u6270\u52a8\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f62\u72b6\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u6cb9\u819c\u5728\u94dc\u9762\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6cbf\u5fae\u89c2\u6c9f\u69fd\u94fa\u5c55\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c34\u5370\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u4e0e\u56fa\u4f53\u9897\u7c92\u538b\u75d5\u5728\u5916\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8. \u9759\u7535\u63a7\u5236\u5177\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u4f4d\u5b89\u88c5\u79bb\u5b50\u98ce\u673a\u4e2d\u548c\u677f\u6750\u8868\u9762\u7535\u8377\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6297\u9759\u7535\u624b\u5957\u4e0e\u8017\u6750\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u8f66\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e7f\u5ea6\u5728\u5408\u9002\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u8fc7\u4f4e\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u9759\u7535\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u8f7d\u5177\u53ef\u9760\u63a5\u5730\u3002\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e26\u6709\u7535\u8377\u7684\u6cb9\u96fe\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u677f\u6750\u8868\u9762\u7535\u8377\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5438\u9644\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>9. \u8fd9\u7c7b\u7f3a\u9677\u4e00\u822c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5206\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5728\u6765\u6599\u6216\u538b\u5408\u524d\u76ee\u68c0\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff1b\u4e2d\u7b49\u7684\u5728\u524d\u5904\u7406\u6216\u5e72\u819c\u5de5\u5e8f\u540e\u4ee5\u9644\u7740\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66b4\u9732\uff1b\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u6d41\u5230\u8680\u523b\u6216\u8868\u9762\u5904\u7406\u624d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u8def\u7f3a\u53e3\u6216\u4e0d\u4e0a\u9521\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u5f97\u8d8a\u665a\uff0c\u8fd4\u5de5\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u524d\u6bb5\u68c0\u51fa\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6700\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>10. \u5bfc\u70ed\u6cb9\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4ece\u9600\u4f53\u9876\u90e8\u6e17\u6f0f\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u9600\u4f53\u9876\u90e8\u4e0e\u7535\u63a7\u5934\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u5bc6\u5c01\u4ef6\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u5faa\u73af\u4e0b\u5bb9\u6613\u8001\u5316\u5931\u6548\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u9600\u6746\u9891\u7e41\u52a8\u4f5c\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u5bc6\u5c01\u78e8\u635f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u70ed\u6cb9\u53d7\u70ed\u81a8\u80c0\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u538b\u529b\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u628a\u8584\u5f31\u70b9\u9876\u5f00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u5217\u5165\u5b9a\u671f\u70b9\u68c0\u4e0e\u9884\u9632\u6027\u66f4\u6362\u6e05\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>11. \u8986\u94dc\u677f\u50a8\u5b58\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5e94\u5728\u5e72\u71e5\u3001\u6e05\u6d01\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e73\u653e\u50a8\u5b58\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9633\u5149\u76f4\u5c04\u4e0e\u9760\u8fd1\u70ed\u6e90\uff1b\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6750\u6599\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u671f\u9650\uff1b\u5f00\u5305\u540e\u5c3d\u5feb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u672a\u7528\u5b8c\u7684\u5e94\u91cd\u65b0\u5bc6\u5c01\u3002\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u53d7\u6f6e\u6216\u8d85\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u94dc\u9762\u6c27\u5316\u4e0e\u6811\u8102\u6027\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>12. \u7f3a\u9677\u7387\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u6574\u6539\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u5417\uff1f<\/h3>\n<p>\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7edf\u8ba1\u53e3\u5f84\u3002\u5e94\u56fa\u5b9a\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0e\u5224\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u62bd\u6837\u6ce2\u52a8\u5f97\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u8f85\u4ee5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u5c01\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u6362\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6cb9\u54c1\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0a\u786e\u8ba4\u6574\u6539\u662f\u5426\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Further Reading<\/strong>\uff1a<a href=\"\/en\/blog\/7-pcb-board-surface-treatment\/\">Advantages and Disadvantages of Seven Common Surface Treatment Processes for PCBs<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/en\/blog\/fpc-flexible-pcb-surface-plating-process\/\">A Detailed Explanation of the Surface Plating Process for FPC Flexible Printed Circuit Boards<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u5370\u5237\u7535\u8def\u677f\uff08PCB\uff09\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8986\u94dc\u677f\u8868\u9762\u6cb9\u72b6\u6c61\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f3a\u9677\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7535\u8def\u677f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4ea7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"A Discussion on Oil Spots on the Surface of Copper-Clad Circuit Boards - Jingpeng Electronics","description":"What causes oil spots on the surface of copper-clad laminates? Explain the nature of the defect, the experimental process, and the formation mechanism, and provide solutions. Includes warnings about common misconceptions to help you avoid easily overlooked details."},"_slim_seo_primary_term_category":0,"_slim_seo_primary_term_post_tag":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,410],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-quality-reliability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2616"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20070,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2616\/revisions\/20070"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jingpengpcb.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}